This is when one parent uses negative behaviours and attitudes to manipulate their child's view of the other parent, which will often lead to the child rejecting the other parent.
There is no exhaustive list of behaviours which constitute parental alienation, but examples include:
These could lead to changes in the child's behaviour or attitude and is often an indication that alienating behaviours are occurring. They may begin to be distant with the 'alienated' parent and refuse contact with them. They may also begin to speak negatively about the parent at school, perhaps even using adult language which they will have picked up from the alienating behaviour.
If the child is showing signs that they are uncharacteristically distancing themselves from the other parent, then the court will want to understand why.
The court may order an investigation to be conducted which will often involve Cafcass (Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service). They will try to ascertain the reason behind the child's feelings of reluctance to see their parent, as well as how the separation has affected them.
If there is a finding that alienation has occurred, in most cases, it will be the aim of the court to try to restore the relationship between the 'alienated' parent and the child. The court may make orders including, but not limited to, the child spending more time with the 'alienated' parent, family therapy or moving the child's place of residence.
In all divorce and separation proceedings involving a child, both parents should be aware of the influence their behaviours can have on the child and the potential repercussions if they were found to have been manipulating them against the other parent. No matter what happens in your relationship, it is important for the children to feel that you both will continue to be their parents and love them unconditionally.